- Residents
- 37M
Residents
Greater Tokyo metropolitan area
Data 2024–2025
Tokyo by the Numbers
The world's largest city under the microscope.
Comprehensive statistics on population, economy, safety and quality of life.
37M
Residents
Metropolitan area
2nd
Urban economy
Worldwide
24.33
Crime index
Very low · Numbeo
87
Life expectancy
Female · Japan
In perspective
The numbers that define Tokyo
Four key indicators that put Tokyo on the global map
- Global urban economy
- 2nd
Global urban economy
Metropolitan GDP ~$887.9B USD
- Crime index
- 24.33
Crime index
Rated Low · Numbeo 2025
- Female life expectancy
- 87 yrs
Female life expectancy
6th worldwide male ranking
Population
Tokyo is the world's most populous metropolitan area, home to approximately 11% of Japan's total population.
| Indicator | Figure |
|---|---|
| City of Tokyo (metropolis) | 14,195,730 |
| Metropolitan area (Greater Tokyo) | ~37,036,000 |
| Greater Tokyo (6 neighboring prefectures) | ~41,000,000 |
| Annual change | -0.21% |
| Share of Japan's total population | ~11% |
Population Density
Tokyo is the most densely populated prefecture in all of Japan.
| Indicator | Figure |
|---|---|
| Average density (metropolis) | ~6,225/km² |
| Most dense district (Toshima) | ~23,700/km² |
| Overcrowded districts (Nakano, Taito, Bunkyo) | >20,000/km² |
Economy & GDP
Tokyo is the world's 2nd largest metropolitan economy, behind only New York.
| Indicator | Figure |
|---|---|
| Tokyo metropolis GDP | ¥120.2 trillion |
| Share of Japan's national GDP | 21.2% |
| Greater Tokyo GDP | ~$2.08T USD |
| Tokyo GDP per capita | ~¥8.43M |
| Japan GDP per capita | ~$37,145 USD |
| Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) market cap | Top 3 worldwide |
| Listed companies on TSE | ~3,900 |
| Tokyo-headquartered companies (capital >¥1B) | ~3,000 |
Income & Wages
Tokyo workers earn approximately 50% more than the national average.
| Indicator | Figure |
|---|---|
| Average gross monthly salary (Tokyo) | ~¥576,000 |
| Average gross annual salary (Tokyo) | ~¥6,912,000 |
| Median monthly salary (Tokyo) | ~¥517,000 |
| Average annual salary in Japan | ~¥4,600,000 |
| Monthly household net income (Japan) | ¥524,343 |
| Minimum hourly wage (Tokyo) | ¥1,163 |
| Gini coefficient (inequality) | 0.334 |
Unemployment Rate
One of the lowest unemployment rates among OECD countries. Tokyo, as the country's economic engine, generally sits below the national average.
| Indicator | Figure |
|---|---|
| Japan unemployment rate (annual average) | 2.5% |
| Latest monthly figure available | 2.6% |
Japan maintains one of the lowest unemployment rates among OECD countries. Tokyo's labour market, as the national economic engine, typically sits below the country average.
Businesses & Companies
Tokyo accounts for over 10% of all businesses in Japan and hosts 75% of the foreign companies present in the country.
| Indicator | Figure |
|---|---|
| Total companies in Tokyo | >660,000 |
| Share of national total | >10% |
| Employees in Tokyo companies | ~9.6 million |
| Small and medium enterprises | 99% of total |
| Foreign companies operating in Tokyo | >75% |
| Fortune 500 companies headquartered in Tokyo | Among the highest worldwide |
Crime & Safety
Tokyo consistently ranks among the safest megacities in the world. The most common crimes are bicycle theft and pickpocketing in tourist areas.
| Indicator | Figure |
|---|---|
| Crime index (Numbeo) | 24.33 — Low |
| Safety index (Numbeo) | 75.67 — High |
| Intentional homicide rate (Japan) | 0.78 per 100,000 |
| Total recorded crimes in Japan | ~737,680 |
| Recorded crimes in Japan | 703,351 |
Crime index
24,33
From 0 (safest) to 100 (most dangerous) · Numbeo 2025
Safety index
75,67
From 0 (least safe) to 100 (safest) · Numbeo 2025
Cost of Living
The depreciation of the yen since 2022 has made Tokyo more affordable for foreigners compared to previous decades.
| Indicator | Figure |
|---|---|
| Average monthly expenses (single person) | ~¥145,943/month |
| Mercer cost of living ranking position | 49th place |
| Meal at a budget restaurant | ~¥1,000 |
| Monthly transport pass | ~¥10,000–15,000 |
| Utilities (electricity, water, etc.) | ~¥15,000–20,000/month |
| Internet penetration (Japan) | ~94% |
Housing & Rent
Rental entry costs (deposit, fees, etc.) typically amount to 5-6 months of rent.
| Indicator | Figure |
|---|---|
| Studio / single apartment (≤30 m², 23 wards) | ¥101,623/month |
| Couple apartment (30-50 m², 23 wards) | ¥165,662/month |
| 3-bedroom apartment, central Tokyo | ~¥390,000/month |
| 1 bedroom in Shinjuku | ~¥101,000/month |
| 1 bedroom in Shibuya (most expensive area) | ~¥128,000/month |
| Apartment purchase price (per m²) | ~¥1,150,000 |
| Land value appreciation (2025 vs. 2024) | +7.7% |
Tourism
Tokyo is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world, with a record number of international arrivals in 2024.
| Indicator | Figure |
|---|---|
| Total visitors to Tokyo (domestic & international) | ~524 million |
| Annual change | +14% |
| Foreign tourists arriving in Japan | 36.9 million (record) |
| % of Japan visitors passing through Tokyo | ~50% |
| Busiest month | July (~54 million) |
| Main reason for visit | Leisure/tourism (55%) |
| Top source market | South Korea |
| Second source market | Taiwan |
All-time record 2024
36.9 million foreign tourists
arrived in Japan in 2024
+14%
vs. 2023
Transportation
Tokyo Metro is just one of several rail operators (JR East, Toei, private railways, buses). Tokyo's integrated network is the most used in the world.
| Indicator | Figure |
|---|---|
| Daily Tokyo Metro passengers | ~6.84 million |
| Annual Tokyo Metro passengers | ~2.5 billion |
| Annual passenger change | +5% |
| Tokyo Metro network | 9 lines / 180 stations / 195 km |
9
Metro lines
180
Stations
195 km
Total network
Life Expectancy
Japan has one of the highest life expectancies in the world. Tokyo, with top-tier healthcare access, sits at or above the national average.
| Indicator | Figure |
|---|---|
| Male life expectancy (Japan) | 81.09 years |
| Female life expectancy (Japan) | 87.13 years |
| Global male ranking | 6th in the world |
| Population aged 65+ (Japan) | 29% |
| Projected 65+ population in 2065 | 38.4% |
Education
Tokyo is home to some of Asia's most prestigious universities, including the University of Tokyo (Asia's top-ranked university).
| Indicator | Figure |
|---|---|
| Adult literacy rate (Japan) | ~99% |
| University graduates (ages 25-34) | 66% |
| University graduates (ages 25-64) | 57% |
| OECD university graduation ranking | Top 5 worldwide |
| Adults with low literacy level | 11% |
| Universities in Japan | >800 |
Foreign Population
Tokyo attracts record levels of international migration, with a growing foreign presence in the central districts.
| Indicator | Figure |
|---|---|
| Total foreign residents in Tokyo | >647,000 |
| % of Tokyo's total population | ~4.5-4.6% |
| In central districts | ~10% |
| Chinese citizens (largest group) | >257,000 |
| Second largest group | Koreans |
| Third largest group | Vietnamese |
| Districts with highest concentration | Shinjuku, Toshima, Arakawa |
| Total foreigners in Japan | ~3.8 million (all-time record) |
Main foreign groups in Tokyo
1st Chinese>257,000
2nd KoreansSecond group
3rd VietnameseThird group
OthersRest of the world
Executive summary
Tokyo is the world's most populous metropolitan area and one of the most economically significant, generating over 21% of Japan's GDP. It maintains one of the lowest crime rates among major global cities, a life expectancy ranking among the world's highest, and an internationally recognized education system. Despite Japan's demographic decline, Tokyo continues to attract record levels of domestic and international migration.